Aminósav

Aminósav, or amino acid in English, is a molecule that serves as the building block for proteins. There are twenty common types of amino acids, each with a unique side chain that dictates its properties. These side chains can be acidic, basic, polar, or nonpolar.

Amino acids are linked together in long chains to form polypeptides, which then fold into specific three-dimensional structures to become functional proteins. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by the genetic code.

Proteins perform a vast array of functions in living organisms, including catalyzing biochemical reactions (enzymes), providing structural support (collagen), transporting molecules (hemoglobin), and defending against pathogens (antibodies).

Some amino acids can be synthesized by the human body, while others, known as essential amino acids, must be obtained from the diet. These essential amino acids are crucial for growth, repair, and overall health.

The chemical structure of an amino acid consists of a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a side chain (R group). The amino and carboxyl groups are what allow amino acids to link together via peptide bonds.