Alusaines

Alusaines are a proposed class of crystalline aluminosilicate minerals defined by a three-dimensional framework of AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra balanced by extra-framework cations, such as Na+, K+, or Ca2+. The structure resembles zeolites and feldspars but is envisioned to have higher framework openness and porosity.

The name derives from the chemical symbol Al for aluminum and follows mineral-nomenclature practices that append -aine to mineral groups.

As of current consensus, alusaine is not an officially recognized mineral. The term is used in theoretical discussions and reports of initial synthetic work.

In laboratories, alusaines have been synthesized by hydrothermal methods or solid-state reactions starting from alumina and silica precursors under alkaline conditions, with adjustments to Al/Si ratio and cation content to tune porosity and stability.

Proposed properties include low framework density, notable porosity, and moderate to high cation-exchange capacity. Colors are described as colorless to white; luster vitreous; hardness in the mid-range for silicates. Stability depends on hydration and composition, with dehydration increasing rigidity.

Potential applications include catalysis, molecular adsorption, ion exchange, and use as lightweight ceramic components. The mineralogical status remains unsettled, pending peer-reviewed verification and discovery of natural specimens.