Allinquinamento

Allinquinamento is not a standard scientific term, but in discussions of environment and policy it is treated as a reference to pollution in a broad sense. Pollution denotes the introduction or release of substances, energy forms, or biological agents by human activity that degrade environmental quality, harm ecosystems, or threaten human health. It can affect air, water, soil, as well as non-material domains such as noise and light.

Pollution is typically categorized by the medium affected. Air pollution includes particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and other emissions from transport, industry, and energy production. Water pollution encompasses contaminants from industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, or sewage that impair aquatic life and water usability. Soil pollution involves heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, and other chemicals that degrade soil health and food safety. Noise pollution stems from traffic, industry, and urban activity, while light pollution disrupts ecosystems and can affect human circadian rhythms. Plastic and microplastic pollution have gained attention for their persistence and impacts on wildlife and potentially human health. Thermal pollution refers to changes in water temperatures from industrial discharges that affect aquatic ecosystems.

Causes are linked to industrial processes, agriculture, energy production, transportation, and improper waste management. Impacts include health risks, biodiversity loss, ecosystem imbalance, climate interactions, and economic costs. Measurement relies on indicators such as air quality indices, particulate matter concentrations, water quality parameters, and ecological assessments. Mitigation emphasizes pollution prevention, cleaner production, strict emissions controls, effective wastewater treatment, waste reduction, recycling, and shifts to sustainable energy sources. International and regional regulations aim to reduce pollutants and protect ecosystems, with enforcement and monitoring essential to progress. See also environment, public health, and environmental policy.