Alfabetisering

Alfabetisering is the process by which individuals acquire reading, writing, and basic comprehension skills needed to participate in daily life. In broader terms, it encompasses functional literacy—the ability to read and write well enough to manage information, instructions, and practical tasks such as filling forms, understanding documents, and using digital tools. The term is used in Dutch-speaking contexts and many other languages to describe literacy education.

Historically, literacy expanded with the rise of formal schooling and state-led education systems. Mass literacy campaigns in the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as compulsory education laws, significantly reduced illiteracy. In contemporary discourse, literacy metrics are set by international organizations such as UNESCO and the OECD. Traditional literacy is complemented by digital literacy, media literacy, and information literacy to reflect skills required in the information age.

Education policies aim to reduce literacy gaps by targeting marginalized groups: children from low-income families, immigrants and refugees, rural communities, people with disabilities, and elder adults who did not complete schooling. Programs include formal schooling, adult education, community-based literacy centers, and online learning platforms. Evaluation uses indicators like literacy rates, grade-level proficiency, and functional literacy assessments.

Alfabetisering intersects with language proficiency, numeracy, and critical-thinking skills. It underpins employment opportunities, health outcomes, civic participation, and social inclusion. Ongoing challenges include unequal access, language barriers, and the need to adapt to rapidly changing digital environments.