Aleatorização

Aleatorização, also known as randomization, is the process of making something random. In statistics, it is a method for assigning subjects to treatment groups in a study. This ensures that each subject has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, minimizing bias and confounding variables. By randomly assigning participants, researchers can better isolate the effect of the treatment being studied.

In computer science, aleatorização refers to the generation of sequences of numbers or symbols that lack any predictable pattern. These sequences are crucial for cryptography, simulations, and games. Pseudorandom number generators are algorithms that produce sequences that appear random but are actually deterministic, meaning they can be reproduced if the initial seed is known. True random number generators, on the other hand, derive their randomness from physical phenomena.

The concept of aleatorização extends to various fields, including art and music, where chance operations are used to create unique works. In decision-making, introducing an element of randomness can help overcome human biases and explore a wider range of possibilities. The core principle across these applications is the introduction of unpredictability to achieve fairness, security, or novelty.