Alanyesetben

Alanyesetben is a grammatical term used in Hungarian to denote the nominative case, i.e., the form used when a noun or pronoun functions as the subject of a sentence or clause. In Hungarian, the nominative (alanyeset) is typically the base form of the noun and is generally unmarked by a dedicated suffix, though other morphological changes can occur for possessives, numbers, or adjectives.

The primary function of the alanyeset is to identify the doer or topic of the verb. A subject can be a noun, a pronoun, or a noun phrase, and its position is relatively flexible in Hungarian due to the language’s free word order. In most sentences, the subject appears in the nominative form, while other grammatical roles (such as direct object) are marked by distinct cases or suffixes.

Examples illustrate the usage:

- A kutya fut. (The dog runs.) Here, kutya is in alanyeset and acts as the subject.

- Én olvasok. (I am reading.) The pronoun én is the subject in nominative form.

In contrast, objects and other grammatical functions are marked by the corresponding cases, such as the tárgyeset (accusative) with the characteristic -t suffix for many nouns. The term alanyesetben is mainly used in grammar descriptions and language-learning resources to label occurrences of subjects, rather than appearing as a separate morphological form in everyday language.