Alalisvoolumootor

Alalisvoolumootor, often shortened to DC motor, is an electrical machine that converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. This conversion is achieved through the interaction of magnetic fields and electric currents. The basic principle involves a stator, which is the stationary part, and a rotor, which is the rotating part. The stator typically houses permanent magnets or electromagnets, generating a magnetic field. The rotor, or armature, contains coils of wire. When direct current is supplied to these coils, it creates its own magnetic field that interacts with the stator's field. This interaction produces a torque, causing the rotor to spin.

To maintain continuous rotation, a mechanism called a commutator is essential. The commutator, usually a segmented metal ring attached to the rotor shaft, reverses the direction of current in the armature coils at the appropriate moments. This ensures that the magnetic forces continue to push the rotor in the same direction, overcoming the natural tendency to oscillate. Brushes, typically made of carbon, make electrical contact with the commutator, supplying the current to the armature.

DC motors are widely used in various applications due to their simplicity, ease of speed control, and good starting torque. They are found in everything from small battery-powered devices like toys and drills to larger industrial machinery and electric vehicles. Different types of DC motors exist, such as brushed DC motors, brushless DC motors, and stepper motors, each with unique characteristics suited for specific purposes.