Alaafin

The Alaafin is the traditional ruler of the Oyo Empire in southwestern Nigeria, and the title is associated with the regnal name "Alaafin of Oyo." Yoruba etymology often reads Alaafin as "owner of the palace," indicating a central royal seat.

The office dates to the early Oyo polity, with legendary founder Oranmiyan; the Alaafin held supreme political and spiritual authority, supported by the Oyo Mesi council and the Basorun, administering law, religion, and foreign relations; the monarchy symbolized unity of the Yoruba state.

In the modern era, the Alaafin remains a prominent cultural figure. Political power in Nigeria is constitutionally vested elsewhere, but the office exerts cultural influence, ceremonial roles, and advisory links with government, and oversees traditional chieftaincies.

Succession is hereditary within the ruling line, but a new Alaafin is chosen by traditional authorities and required to be recognized by royal councils and state authorities. The Alaafin thus embodies historical authority and contemporary cultural leadership for the Oyo people and Yoruba communities.