Akuutpromelotsüütiline

Akuutpromelotsüütiline refers to a specific type of acute leukemia. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow and the lymphatic system. Acute means that the disease progresses rapidly, and promyelocytic refers to a particular stage of white blood cell development. Specifically, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a cancerous proliferation of immature white blood cells called promyelocytes. These abnormal cells are unable to mature properly and function as healthy blood cells. A hallmark of APL is a specific genetic abnormality, often a translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17, which leads to the production of an abnormal fusion protein. This protein interferes with the normal maturation of promyelocytes and can also disrupt blood clotting. APL can present with symptoms related to anemia, infection, and bleeding due to the dysfunctional blood cells. Diagnosis typically involves a blood count, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic testing to identify the characteristic chromosomal translocation. Treatment strategies have evolved significantly and often involve targeted therapies, such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), in addition to chemotherapy.