Aktifletirilmi

Aktifletirilmi, also known as active immunization, is a process by which an individual's immune system is stimulated to produce immunity to a specific infectious disease, typically through the administration of an antigen or vaccine. This can be achieved through various methods, including the use of live attenuated viruses, inactivated viruses, toxins, or subunits of the pathogen. Active immunization is a proactive approach to disease prevention, as it involves the body's own immune response to generate long-lasting protection against the pathogen.

The process of active immunization typically involves the following steps:

1. The antigen or vaccine is introduced into the body, usually through injection, ingestion, or inhalation.

2. The immune system recognizes the antigen as foreign and mounts an immune response.

3. Antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, process the antigen and present it to T cells.

4. T cells activate B cells, which then produce antibodies specific to the antigen.

5. Memory cells are generated, providing long-term protection against the pathogen.

Active immunization is widely used in public health to control and eradicate infectious diseases. It is particularly effective against diseases that have no effective treatment or vaccine, such as smallpox, polio, and measles. However, active immunization can also have side effects, including localized reactions at the injection site, systemic reactions, and in rare cases, allergic reactions. Additionally, active immunization may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions or weakened immune systems. In such cases, alternative methods of disease prevention, such as passive immunization, may be considered.