Aimaqs

The Aimaqs are a Persian-speaking collection of semi-nomadic and sedentary communities in Afghanistan. Rather than a single homogeneous ethnicity, the term denotes several subgroups with distinct customs, dialects, and historical allegiances. They are concentrated in the central highlands and western regions, in provinces such as Badghis, Herat, Ghor, and Faryab, among others.

Language and identity: The Aimaqi form of Persian is typically classified as a Dari dialect, with local varieties and some influences from neighboring languages in border areas. Most Aimaqs are Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi tradition, though religious practices may vary among subgroups.

Economy and society: Traditionally, many Aimaqs were semi-nomadic herders and farmers, relying on seasonal migrations and clan-based social structures. Today livelihoods include animal husbandry, agriculture, trade, and wage labor, with some continuity of movement in pastoral groups.

Historical and contemporary context: Aimaqs have long been part of Afghanistan’s social landscape, interacting with Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, and other communities. In recent decades, conflict, drought, and displacement have affected Aimaq communities; some have relocated to cities or emigrated, while others remain in rural settlements. Education access and political representation vary by region and subgroup.

Demographics and notes: Estimates of the Aimaq population vary; the group is one of several Persian-speaking communities in Afghanistan. The term Aimaq is often used as an umbrella descriptor for diverse tribes that share language and certain cultural traits, but do not constitute a single political or ethnic entity.