Afganistan

Afganistan (commonly spelled Afghanistan) is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of South Asia and Central Asia. It is bordered by Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, and China via the Wakhan Corridor. The capital and largest city is Kabul. The country covers about 652,000 square kilometers and has a population approaching 40 million.

The official languages are Dari and Pashto, with many other languages spoken by diverse ethnic groups. Islam is the dominant religion, with Sunni Muslims making up the majority and a Shia minority. The terrain is predominantly mountainous, with the Hindu Kush running through the center, and climate ranging from arid to highland.

Economically, Afghanistan relies on agriculture, livestock, and small-scale industry. Key crops include wheat, fruits, and nuts; the cultivation of opium poppy has historically been a major factor in the economy and conflict. International aid and remittances play a significant role, while infrastructure remains underdeveloped.

Since 2021, the country has been governed by the Taliban, who established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. International recognition is limited, and the government faces challenges including humanitarian needs, security concerns, and instability.

Despite decades of conflict, Afghanistan has a rich cultural heritage in poetry, music, crafts, and traditional hospitality, reflecting a tradition of Persianate culture and regional diversity.