Adheesiomolekyylejä

Adheesiomolekyylejä, known in English as adhesion molecules, are a group of proteins found on the surface of cells that play a crucial role in cell-to-cell adhesion. These molecules are essential for a variety of biological processes, including the formation of tissues and organs, immune responses, and the regulation of inflammation. Adhesion molecules work by binding to specific partners on other cells or on the extracellular matrix, the structural network that surrounds cells.

There are several major families of adhesion molecules, each with distinct structures and functions. The immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, cadherins, selectins, and integrins are among the most well-studied. Ig superfamily members, like ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, are involved in immune cell trafficking and inflammatory responses. Cadherins are critical for maintaining the integrity of epithelial and endothelial tissues, forming strong cell-cell junctions. Selectins mediate the initial rolling adhesion of leukocytes to the blood vessel wall during inflammation. Integrins, a diverse group, bind to components of the extracellular matrix and also mediate cell-cell interactions, playing vital roles in cell migration and signaling.

The precise regulation of adhesion molecule expression and function is vital for health. Dysregulation of these molecules can contribute to various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cancer metastasis, and cardiovascular diseases. For example, altered expression of certain adhesion molecules can allow cancer cells to detach from their primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body. Conversely, understanding and manipulating adhesion molecules offers potential therapeutic strategies for a range of medical conditions.