Additiopolymeroitumiseen

Additiopolymeroitumiseen, often translated as addition polymerization, is a fundamental chemical process in which monomers add to one another in such a way that the polymer contains all the atoms of the monomer. This contrasts with condensation polymerization, where small molecules like water or methanol are eliminated during the process. Addition polymerization typically involves monomers with double or triple bonds.

The process usually begins with an initiator molecule, which generates a reactive species such as a free radical, cation, or anion. This reactive species then attacks the double or triple bond of a monomer, breaking it and forming a new reactive species on the monomer. This process repeats, with successive monomer units adding to the growing polymer chain. The chain grows until the reactive species is quenched, often by reaction with another growing chain or a terminating agent.

Common examples of polymers formed by addition polymerization include polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These polymers are widely used in various applications, from packaging and textiles to construction materials and automotive parts. The specific properties of the resulting polymer depend on the type of monomer used, the reaction conditions, and the presence of any comonomers. Control over the molecular weight and architecture of the polymer is crucial for achieving desired material properties.