Acyrthosiphon

Acyrthosiphon is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, commonly known as pea aphids or stem-feeding aphids. These insects are small, typically green or sometimes pink, and possess a pair of cornicles, which are tube-like structures on their abdomen. Acyrthosiphon aphids are widespread and are often considered agricultural pests due to their feeding habits. They primarily feed on the sap of herbaceous plants, with a particular preference for legumes, such as peas and beans. This feeding can weaken the host plant, leading to reduced growth and yield.

The life cycle of Acyrthosiphon species is complex and often involves both sexual and asexual reproduction. Wingless, asexual females (viviparae) are responsible for rapid population growth during favorable conditions. Under adverse conditions or at the end of the growing season, winged forms and sexual morphs may appear, facilitating dispersal and the production of overwintering eggs. These eggs are laid on host plants and hatch in the spring to begin a new cycle.

Several species within the Acyrthosiphon genus are of significant economic importance. Acyrthosiphon pisum, the pea aphid, is a well-known example that infests a wide range of leguminous crops globally. Other species can also cause damage to various agricultural and horticultural plants. Their feeding can directly harm plants, and they also act as vectors for numerous plant viruses, further impacting crop health. Integrated pest management strategies are often employed to control Acyrthosiphon populations in agricultural settings.