Acaulospora

Acaulospora is a genus of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the phylum Glomeromycota. Members of this genus form symbiotic associations with the roots of many vascular plants, supplying nutrients such as phosphorus and micronutrients in exchange for carbon from the host.

In colonized roots, Acaulospora species develop arbuscules and vesicles within cortical cells, a hallmark of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Reproduction is primarily asexual, with spores produced in soil on hyphae. Spore morphology varies among species, but spores are commonly thick-walled and serve as primary propagules for dispersal and colonization.

Acaulospora has a wide geographic distribution and occurs in a range of habitats, from natural ecosystems to agricultural soils. It is capable of associating with diverse plant families and can contribute to improved phosphorus uptake, plant growth, and tolerance to abiotic stresses under certain conditions. Because AMF form obligate biotrophic relationships, successful colonization depends on a compatible plant host and suitable soil conditions.

The genus comprises numerous described species, with Acaulospora laevis designated as the type species. The taxonomy of Glomeromycota is complex and subject to revision as molecular data accumulates. See also arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for broader context on this group.