AVohitusoireyhtymästä

AVohitusoireyhtymä, also known as the AV block syndrome, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal electrical conduction in the heart. Specifically, it refers to a delay or complete interruption of the electrical impulse as it travels from the atria to the ventricles through the atrioventricular (AV) node. This disruption can manifest in various degrees, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently.

The causes of AVohitusoireyhtymä are diverse and can include age-related degenerative changes in the heart's conduction system, underlying heart diseases such as coronary artery disease or cardiomyopathy, or as a side effect of certain medications, particularly those used to treat arrhythmias or high blood pressure. Congenital heart defects can also predispose individuals to this condition.

Symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the block. Mild forms may be asymptomatic, while more significant blocks can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting (syncope), shortness of breath, and fatigue. In severe cases, it can result in a dangerously slow heart rate (bradycardia) and potentially lead to heart failure or sudden cardiac arrest.

Diagnosis typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG) which can reveal the characteristic patterns of AV block. Holter monitoring, which records heart rhythm over an extended period, may also be used. Treatment strategies depend on the type and severity of the AV block and the patient's symptoms. In asymptomatic or mild cases, observation might be sufficient. For symptomatic individuals or those with higher degrees of block, medications to improve heart rate or, more commonly, the implantation of a pacemaker to regulate the heart rhythm may be necessary. Regular medical follow-up is essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.