AMR

Amr is a term that can refer to several distinct topics across health, technology, culture, and data formats. This article provides a brief overview of the main senses.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) refers to the ability of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites to resist the effects of medications that once killed them or inhibited their growth. AMR is a major global health concern because it can lead to longer illnesses, higher medical costs, and increased mortality. Factors driving AMR include overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human medicine and agriculture, poor infection prevention, and insufficient surveillance. Responses focus on antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention and control, rapid diagnostics, vaccination, and surveillance systems such as the World Health Organization’s GLASS program, along with continued research into new treatments.

Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) is a family of audio codecs used to compress speech in mobile networks. Standardized by 3GPP, AMR includes narrowband (AMR-NB) and wideband (AMR-WB) variants. AMR-NB typically offers bitrates from about 4.75 to 12.2 kbps, while AMR-WB extends to higher rates for improved quality, up to roughly 23 kbps. The codecs enable efficient voice communication across cellular networks and are capable of dynamic bitrate switching to adapt to network conditions.

Amr is also a given name in Arabic-speaking countries, commonly transliterated as Amr or Omar. It appears among notable figures such as Egyptian singer Amr Diab and former Egyptian diplomat Amr Moussa.

The file extension .amr denotes an Adaptive Multi-Rate audio format used for compressed speech in many mobile devices and services, often with the MIME type audio/AMR.