ALDH3A1

ALDH3A1 is a human enzyme encoded by the ALDH3A1 gene. It is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family and is primarily expressed in the cornea of the eye. The ALDH3A1 enzyme is responsible for maintaining corneal integrity by regulating the levels of aldehydes, which are toxic byproducts of retinal metabolism.

ALDH3A1 is a NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of acetaldehyde and other aliphatic aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. This reaction is essential for maintaining a healthy cornea, as high levels of aldehydes can be toxic and cause corneal damage. The expression of ALDH3A1 is tightly regulated, and its activity is increased in response to the presence of aldehydes.

Mutations in the ALDH3A1 gene have been associated with various eye disorders, including age-related macular degeneration and cataracts. These mutations can lead to reduced enzyme activity, resulting in the accumulation of toxic aldehydes in the cornea. Dysregulation of ALDH3A1 has also been implicated in other diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.

Studies have demonstrated that ALDH3A1 plays a crucial role in maintaining corneal integrity and protecting against oxidative stress. The enzyme's activity is also influenced by other factors, such as pH, temperature, and the presence of substrates. Further research is needed to fully understand the function and regulation of ALDH3A1, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target for various diseases.