ABX4

ABX4 denotes a generic chemical formula used in inorganic chemistry and materials science to describe compounds composed of two cations, A and B, and four anions X in a 1:1:4 ratio. The specific identity of A, B and X varies widely, and the overall charge balance depends on the oxidation states of A, B and X. In many ABX4 compounds, the X species act as an anion of moderate to high charge (for example oxide, sulfide, or halide), while B is a cation that can adopt fourfold coordination to X, forming BX4 units that may be isolated or linked into extended networks. The A cation typically occupies larger interstitial sites and serves to balance charge and influence the overall crystal symmetry.

Structural motifs in ABX4 materials are diverse. Some members feature discrete BX4 tetrahedra separated by A cations, while others form three-dimensional frameworks in which BX4 units share X atoms. The exact arrangement is governed by ionic radii, charge, and synthesis conditions, and can lead to layered, perovskite-like, or other architectures.

Synthesis and processing methods for ABX4 compounds cover solid-state reactions at high temperatures, flux growth, and solution-based routes such as hydrothermal or precipitation techniques. The choice of method affects phase identity, purity, particle size, and crystal structure.

Properties and applications of ABX4 materials vary with composition. They can exhibit wide band gaps, dielectric or ferroelectric behavior, ionic conductivity, or optical activity, making them candidates for electronics, optics, or energy storage. Further exploration continues across research in crystal chemistry and materials science.

References and further reading: standard inorganic chemistry texts and materials databases.