4nanometer
4 nanometer, commonly abbreviated as 4 nm or 4nm, is a semiconductor process node designation used to describe a generation of manufacturing technology for creating integrated circuits. It denotes a family of processes intended to deliver higher transistor density and improved performance and power efficiency relative to earlier nodes such as 5nm or 7nm. The term does not specify a single fixed physical dimension; instead, it marks a class of technologies, with actual feature sizes varying by layer and by vendor.
Technically, 4nm processes typically employ advanced lithography, including extreme ultraviolet (EUV) for critical layers, and rely
Industry status and usage: In the early to mid-2020s, several leading semiconductor manufacturers announced or marketed
Limitations and context: The 4nm designation reflects a marketing and technology phase more than a precise