4hydroxy1nitrobenzene

4hydroxy1nitrobenzene, also known as p-nitrophenol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5NO3. It is a phenol derivative where a nitro group is substituted at the para position of the benzene ring relative to the hydroxyl group. It appears as a pale yellow crystalline solid.

The compound is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and diethyl ether. 4hydroxy1nitrobenzene exhibits amphoteric properties due to the presence of both a weakly acidic hydroxyl group and a weakly basic nitro group. It can react with strong bases to form salts and with strong acids.

4hydroxy1nitrobenzene is an important intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals. It is used in the production of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and dyes. For example, it is a precursor to paracetamol (acetaminophen), a common analgesic and antipyretic. It is also employed in the manufacture of azo dyes and as an indicator in analytical chemistry.

The synthesis of 4hydroxy1nitrobenzene can be achieved through the nitration of phenol. This reaction typically involves treating phenol with nitric acid, often in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Careful control of reaction conditions is necessary to favor the formation of the para isomer over the ortho isomer.