3Hydroxypropanenitrile

3-Hydroxypropanenitrile, also known as 3-hydroxypropionitrile or ethylene cyanohydrin, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H5NO. It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in water and many organic solvents. The compound is characterized by the presence of both a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a nitrile group (-CN) on a three-carbon chain.

This molecule is an important intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals. One of its primary uses is as a precursor for the production of acrylic acid and its esters, which are widely used in the manufacturing of polymers, plastics, and coatings. 3-Hydroxypropanenitrile can be dehydrated to acrylonitrile, which is a key monomer for polyacrylonitrile fibers and ABS plastic.

Industrially, 3-hydroxypropanenitrile is typically produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide with hydrogen cyanide. This reaction yields the desired product with high efficiency. The handling of hydrogen cyanide requires strict safety precautions due to its high toxicity.

In addition to its role in polymer synthesis, 3-hydroxypropanenitrile can also be used in the production of pharmaceuticals and other fine chemicals. Its bifunctional nature allows for a variety of chemical transformations, making it a versatile building block in organic synthesis. Research continues to explore new applications and more sustainable production methods for this compound.