2propylvaleric

2‑propylvaleric acid, also known as 2‑propylpentanoic acid, is a branched‐chain saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula C8H16O2. The compound consists of a five‑carbon valeric acid backbone bearing a propyl substituent at the α‑position. Its systematic IUPAC name is 2‑propylpentanoic acid, and it is sometimes referred to by the trivial name 2‑propylvaleric acid. The acid is a colourless liquid at room temperature, with a characteristic oily odor. Its density is approximately 0.88 g cm⁻³ and it has a boiling point near 210 °C. Like other carboxylic acids, 2‑propylvaleric acid is moderately soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, and chloroform, while its solubility in water is limited (around 1 g L⁻¹ at 25 °C). The compound readily forms salts and esters through conventional acid‑base or esterification reactions.

Industrial interest in 2‑propylvaleric acid stems primarily from its role as an intermediate in the synthesis of fragrance ingredients, flavor additives, and certain polymer precursors. It can be prepared by alkylation of valeric acid derivatives with propyl halides under basic conditions, or by the oxidative cleavage of appropriate branched alkenes. The acid is also observed as a minor metabolite in the catabolism of certain branched‑chain amino acids in microorganisms.

Safety data indicate that 2‑propylvaleric acid is a mild irritant to skin and eyes; inhalation of vapours may cause respiratory discomfort. Standard laboratory protective equipment, including gloves and goggles, is recommended when handling the compound. Environmental toxicity is considered low, but proper disposal according to local regulations is advised.