2hydroxypropane

2-hydroxypropane, commonly known as isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol, is an aliphatic secondary alcohol with the formula C3H8O. Its preferred IUPAC name is propan-2-ol. The molecule consists of a three-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group on the middle carbon, giving it properties characteristic of secondary alcohols.

Isopropanol is a colorless, volatile liquid with a distinctive odor. It is miscible with water and many organic solvents. Key physical properties include a boiling point of 82.6 °C, a melting point of -89.5 °C, a density of about 0.786 g/mL at 20 °C, and a flash point around 12 °C. It is flammable and capable of forming ignitable vapors.

Industrial production is primarily by catalytic hydration of propene (propylene) to yield propan-2-ol, using acid catalysts. A secondary route is the reduction of acetone. Isopropanol is widely manufactured for commercial and laboratory use and serves as a versatile solvent and chemical intermediate.

Uses of isopropanol include as a solvent in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, coatings, inks, and cleaning products. It is also employed as an antiseptic for topical use in some formulations and as a feedstock for producing other chemicals such as acetone. In consumer products, it appears in disinfectants, hand sanitizers, and various cleaning solutions.

Safety and handling are important due to its flammability and potential irritant effects. Exposure can affect the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and high concentrations can depress the central nervous system. It should be stored in a cool, ventilated area away from heat sources and incompatible oxidizers, in containers made of compatible materials.