25Dihydroxybenzoic

2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as gentisic acid, is a dihydroxy derivative of benzoic acid. Its chemical formula is C7H6O4. In its structure, a carboxyl group attaches to the benzene ring with hydroxyl groups positioned at the 2- and 5-positions.

As a benzoic acid derivative, it is a weak acid and can form salts with bases. The molecule features intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which can influence its acidity, acidity constants, and solubility. It is typically sparingly soluble in water and more soluble when converted to salts or in polar organic solvents.

Occurrence and synthesis methods vary. Gentisic acid can be found in trace amounts in some plants and microorganisms. It is commonly prepared synthetically for research purposes by introducing hydroxyl groups into benzoic acid frameworks, such as through controlled hydroxylation of salicylic acid derivatives or related aromatic precursors.

Applications and references: In analytical chemistry, gentisic acid is used as a reference standard and as a reagent in various assays. It also serves as an intermediate in organic synthesis, contributing to the preparation of dyes, fragrances, and certain pharmaceutical research compounds. Like many aromatic acids, it is handled under standard laboratory safety practices, with typical precautions to avoid ingestion, inhalation, or prolonged skin exposure.

See also: Other dihydroxybenzoic acids, such as 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid.