23dimercapto1propanol

2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanol, also written as 2,3-dimercaptopropan-1-ol, is a small organosulfur compound in the thiol family. Its structure consists of a three-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group on carbon 1 and thiol groups (-SH) on carbons 2 and 3, giving a formula of HO-CH2-CH(SH)-CH2-SH.

Chemical identity and properties: The molecular formula is C3H8OS2, with an approximate molecular weight around 124 g/mol. It is typically a colorless to pale solid or viscous liquid, depending on purity and moisture content, and is highly soluble in water. The compound is prone to oxidation in air, forming a disulfide. It has a strong odor characteristic of thiols, which can be noticeable at low concentrations. The compound is reactive due to its two thiol groups, which can participate in disulfide-exchange reactions.

Synthesis and related compounds: 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanol can be prepared by introducing thiol groups to a propan-1-ol framework or by functionalizing glycerol-derived substrates. It is related to other thiol-containing propanols such as β-mercaptoethanol and to various dithiol compounds used in chemical biology.

Uses: In biochemical research, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol is used as a reducing agent to maintain proteins and other biomolecules in a reduced state by cleaving disulfide bonds. It can be employed in sample preparation, enzymatic assays, and workflows where preservation of free thiols is important. Its pungent odor and reactivity require handling under appropriate safety conditions.

Safety: The compound can be irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory tracts. It should be handled in a fume hood with appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and eye protection. It is reactive with oxidizers and should be stored away from air and moisture to minimize oxidation.