238Np

238Np is a radioactive isotope of neptunium. It has a relatively short half-life of about 2.1 days, decaying primarily through beta emission into its daughter isotope, 238Pu. This decay process releases significant energy, making 238Np a notable source of beta and gamma radiation.

The production of 238Np is typically achieved by bombarding uranium-238 with neutrons, often in a nuclear reactor. This neutron capture reaction forms uranium-239, which then undergoes beta decay to produce neptunium-239. Further neutron capture by neptunium-238 can also lead to the formation of 238Np, though this is a less common pathway.

Due to its energetic decay and short half-life, 238Np has found limited practical applications. Historically, its intense radiation made it a potential candidate for use in certain radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) for space missions, but its relatively short lifespan and the availability of more suitable isotopes like 238Pu have largely superseded its use in this area. It is primarily encountered in research settings related to nuclear physics and radiochemistry, and as a byproduct of nuclear fuel reprocessing. Its radioactive nature requires careful handling and containment to mitigate radiation exposure risks.