radioisotope
A radioisotope, or radioactive isotope, is a radioactive nuclide of an element that is unstable and undergoes spontaneous radioactive decay. Unlike stable isotopes, radioisotopes transform into other nuclides or energy states, emitting radiation in the process.
Radioisotopes are produced by nuclear reactors, particle accelerators, or certain natural processes. Reactor irradiation converts stable
Their nuclei decay by alpha, beta, or gamma emission, or by electron capture. Each radioisotope has a
Radioisotopes have diverse applications. In medicine, gamma emitters such as technetium-99m enable diagnostic imaging, while beta-emitters
Safety and regulation are central to their use. Handling requires shielding and monitoring to limit exposure;