22Dimethylbutane

2,2-Dimethylbutane is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H14. It is one of the structural isomers of hexane and is notable for its highly branched, saturated hydrocarbon structure. The IUPAC name is 2,2-dimethylbutane; a less common synonym is neohexane, though this name is used infrequently in modern literature.

Structure and nomenclature: The molecule is based on a four-carbon butane backbone. Two methyl groups are attached to the second carbon, giving a branched arrangement in which the central carbon bears four carbon substituents. This high degree of branching differentiates it from the straight-chain isomer n-hexane and from other hexane isomers such as 2,3-dimethylbutane. The compound remains an unbranched chain of six carbons in total, all connected by single bonds (alkane).

Physical properties: 2,2-Dimethylbutane is a colorless, flammable liquid at room temperature. It is nonpolar and only sparingly soluble in water, with greater solubility in organic solvents. Branching in alkanes generally lowers the boiling point compared with straight-chain isomers of similar molecular weight, and 2,2-dimethylbutane reflects this trend relative to n-hexane.

Occurrence and production: It occurs as part of the broader family of hexane isomers found in crude oil and refined petroleum products. It can be produced during hydrocarbon processing and is sometimes present in gasoline fractions.

Safety and handling: Like other alkanes, 2,2-dimethylbutane is flammable and should be handled with appropriate precautions to prevent fire or inhalation hazards. It should be stored away from heat, sparks, and open flames.

See also: Hexane isomers; 2,3-dimethylbutane; 2-methylpentane.