1Nitrobenzene

1-Nitrobenzene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5NO2. It is a pale yellow, oily liquid that is nearly insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. It has a characteristic almond-like odor. 1-Nitrobenzene is synthesized through the nitration of benzene, typically by reacting benzene with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid.

This compound is primarily used as a precursor in the production of aniline, which is a key ingredient in the manufacture of dyes, rubber chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. The reduction of 1-nitrobenzene to aniline is a major industrial process. 1-Nitrobenzene itself can be used as a solvent for certain materials, and historically it has found applications as a polishing agent for shoes and floors, and as a fumigant.

1-Nitrobenzene is a toxic substance and is harmful if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin. Exposure can lead to methemoglobinemia, a condition that reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen, causing symptoms such as cyanosis, headache, dizziness, and in severe cases, can be fatal. It is also considered a probable human carcinogen. Due to its toxicity, strict safety precautions are necessary when handling 1-nitrobenzene, including adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment.