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The 19th century, often referred to as the 1800s, was a period of significant transformation in global history, spanning from January 1, 1801, to December 31, 1900. It was an era marked by industrialization, political revolutions, and vast territorial expansion.
In Europe, the century began with the Napoleonic Wars, which reshaped the continent's political landscape. Following
Across the Atlantic, the United States experienced significant growth, including westward expansion, the Civil War, and
Socially, the 19th century witnessed the rise of new ideologies, including liberalism, socialism, and communism, as