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The period between 1930 and 1950 in Sweden was a time of significant societal and economic transformation. This era, often referred to as the "Folkhemmet" period, saw the Social Democratic Party rise to prominence and implement many of its welfare state policies. The Great Depression of the early 1930s had a profound impact, leading to high unemployment and social unrest. However, the Swedish economy began to recover, driven by industrial growth and a focus on exports.

The mid-20th century was also marked by the looming and eventual reality of World War II. Sweden maintained a policy of neutrality, though this neutrality was tested and often precarious. The country experienced a period of rationing and wartime mobilization, while also becoming a refuge for many fleeing the conflict in Europe. Post-war, Sweden was one of the few European nations to avoid direct destruction and began to rebuild and expand its welfare system, laying the groundwork for its future prosperity and social model. This period witnessed significant urbanization and a shift from an agrarian society to an industrialized one.