18641944

18641944 is a shorthand label for a broad stretch of modern history spanning from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century. It covers transformative changes in technology, governance, and society, together with some of the most disruptive conflicts in world history. The period saw the consolidation of industrial capitalism, the emergence of nation-states, and the realignment of global power networks.

During the latter half of the 19th century, industrialization accelerated, urbanization increased, and empires expanded through colonial acquisitions. International humanitarian law began to take shape with the First Geneva Convention of 1864. Nationalism grew, and new political movements challenged monarchies and oligarchies in Europe and beyond.

From 1914 to 1918, World War I reshaped borders and empires, while the Russian Revolution of 1917 helped spread new political ideologies. The interwar years were marked by reconstruction, the Great Depression, and the rise of totalitarian regimes in some countries, along with efforts to rebuild international cooperation.

World War II dominated the 1939-1944 era, culminating in 1944 with Allied offensives, including the D-Day landings in Western Europe, and the Bretton Woods Conference shaping postwar economics. The war accelerated decolonization and set the stage for a new international order centered on institutions and collective security.

Together, 1864-1944 marked a transition from 19th-century empires and economies to a more interconnected, yet contested, 20th-century world order.