12ZollLP

12ZollLP refers to the 12‑Zoll long‑playing vinyl record format and is the term commonly used in German‑language contexts to denote discs with a 12‑inch diameter designed for extended audio playback per side compared with earlier 78‑rpm records. The format is defined by its diameter, playback speed, and grooves that enable longer music playback on a single disc.

History: The 12ZollLP format was introduced in 1948 by Columbia Records as part of a new line of microgroove records. By combining a 12‑inch diameter with narrow grooves, it vastly increased playing time per side. The 33 1/3 rpm rotational speed became the standard across the industry, and the LP’s two‑sided design allowed albums and longer works to be presented on a single disc. Stereo recordings became widespread in the late 1950s, further enhancing the format’s appeal.

Characteristics: 12ZollLPs are played at 33 1/3 rpm on suitable turntables. They typically offer two playable sides with roughly 15–25 minutes per side for popular music, and longer durations for classical works. The format uses microgroove technology and stereo encoding to maximize sound quality on a 12‑inch disc, making it well suited for albums and comprehensive collections.

Impact and legacy: The 12ZollLP became the dominant format for albums during the mid‑20th century, shaping how artists compiled and presented music. With the rise of compact discs in the 1980s and digital streaming in the 2000s, LPs saw decreased mainstream use but experienced a revival among collectors and audiophiles. Today, new 12ZollLP releases and reissues remain common in various genres, especially where physical media is valued.