100GBASEER

100GBASE-ER is a 100 gigabit Ethernet physical layer standard defined in IEEE 802.3 for long-reach communications over single-mode fiber. The designation ER stands for Extended Reach, indicating its role in connecting distant network locations.

The technology is designed to operate over single-mode optical fiber using a single optical wavelength, typically around 1310 nanometers. It delivers a data rate of 100 Gbps and relies on forward error correction to achieve reliable transmission over long distances. The standard targets metropolitan and long-haul links, with a typical reach specified up to 40 kilometers, depending on fiber characteristics and channel budget.

Transceivers implementing 100GBASE-ER are manufactured in various form factors, including CFP, CFP2, CFP4, and QSFP-compatible packages, and are used with single-mode fiber terminated by common connectors such as LC. The exact electrical and optical interfaces depend on the chosen form factor and vendor, but all implementations adhere to the 100GBASE-ER physical-layer specifications.

Applications for 100GBASE-ER include inter-site connectivity for data centers, core and metro networks, and IP/Backbone links where fiber paths span long distances. It is part of the broader family of 100G Ethernet standards, which also includes other reach and medium variants such as 100GBASE-LR4 and 100GBASE-SR4, each optimized for different fiber types and link budgets.

In summary, 100GBASE-ER provides 100 gigabit Ethernet over single-mode fiber with extended reach up to about 40 kilometers, leveraging FEC and a single-wavelength 1310 nm optical transmission for long-distance network deployments.