ólomakkumulátor

Ólomakkumulátor, also known as a lead-acid battery, is a rechargeable electrical battery consisting of lead plates immersed in a sulfuric acid electrolyte. This type of battery is widely used in automobiles for starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) systems, as well as in uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), emergency lighting, and motive power applications like electric wheelchairs. The basic principle of operation involves a reversible electrochemical reaction between lead, lead dioxide, and sulfuric acid. When discharging, lead dioxide on the positive plate reacts with sulfuric acid and the spongy lead on the negative plate to produce lead sulfate and water. During charging, this process is reversed, regenerating the lead dioxide and lead.

The primary advantages of lead-acid batteries include their low cost, reliability, and high surge current capability, making them suitable for engine starting. However, they are relatively heavy and have a lower energy density compared to newer battery technologies like lithium-ion. Their lifespan is also limited by factors such as deep discharge cycles, high temperatures, and improper charging. Environmental concerns regarding the use of lead and sulfuric acid are also a consideration, although recycling programs are well-established for these batteries. Despite the emergence of alternative technologies, the lead-acid battery remains a dominant force in many applications due to its proven performance and economic viability.