þóknast

þóknast is an Old Norse verb form derived from the root *þókn-*, meaning "to appear" or "to seem." It is primarily found in poetic and legal texts from the Viking Age and early medieval period, particularly in skaldic poetry and the *Gulating Law*. The verb is often used in its past participle form, þóknast, which translates roughly to "was seen" or "appeared."

In skaldic poetry, þóknast frequently appears in kennings and metaphors, where it helps to describe abstract concepts through vivid imagery. For example, a poet might use þóknast to convey the idea of a warrior’s glory appearing like a radiant light. Its use reflects the Norse poetic tradition of indirect expression, where objects or actions are described through comparisons rather than direct statements.

The verb also appears in legal contexts, such as the *Gulating Law*, where it may refer to the public recognition or acknowledgment of a legal matter, such as a trial or a witness’s testimony. This usage underscores its role in formal and ceremonial language, where clarity and authority were essential.

Etymologically, þóknast is related to the Proto-Germanic root *þukaną*, which evolved into Old English *þencan* ("to think" or "to seem"). Its preservation in Old Norse highlights the linguistic and cultural continuity between Germanic traditions. The verb’s poetic and legal applications demonstrate its versatility in conveying both artistic and practical meanings in medieval Norse society.

While þóknast is not commonly used in modern Icelandic or Scandinavian languages, its historical significance remains important for understanding Old Norse literature and law. Scholars continue to study its occurrences to gain insights into Viking Age culture, poetic techniques, and legal practices.