þodcyninga

þodcyninga is an Old English term that translates to "king of the people" or "popular king." It appears in the Old English epic poem Beowulf. The term suggests a ruler who is chosen by or derives their legitimacy from the people they govern, rather than solely through divine right or hereditary succession. This concept contrasts with other terms for kingship that might emphasize a more martial or divinely appointed authority.

The usage of þodcyninga in Beowulf highlights a particular ideal of kingship. It implies a ruler who is respected and supported by their warriors and the wider populace. Such a king would likely be expected to be generous, just, and a strong protector of their people. The term's presence in the poem indicates that the Anglo-Saxons had a nuanced understanding of leadership, recognizing the importance of popular consent and the king's role as a leader of their community. It reflects a societal value placed on a ruler who embodies the collective will and well-being of the þod, or people.