þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla

A þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla, or referendum, is a direct vote by the electorate on a particular proposal or question. This mechanism allows citizens to express their will on significant matters of public policy or constitutional change, bypassing elected representatives. The outcome of a þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla can be binding or advisory, depending on the legal framework and the nature of the question posed. Binding referendums require the government to act in accordance with the popular vote, while advisory referendums provide guidance to the legislature or executive.

The process typically involves a clearly formulated question or set of questions presented to the voters. The campaign period leading up to the vote is often characterized by public debate and discussion, with proponents and opponents presenting their arguments. Voter turnout is a crucial factor in the legitimacy of a referendum's outcome. Several countries, including Iceland, utilize þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslur for various purposes, such as deciding on major constitutional amendments, international treaties, or significant policy initiatives. The introduction of a þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla can be initiated by the government, parliament, or sometimes through a citizens' initiative, depending on the specific jurisdiction's electoral laws. This form of direct democracy complements representative democracy by providing a direct channel for citizen input.