þið

þið is the Icelandic second-person plural pronoun, used as the subject of a sentence to refer to the people being addressed (“you all”). It is the standard form for plural address in contemporary Icelandic; there is no separate formal pronoun in common use.

Grammatical usage and forms: In modern Icelandic, þið is the nominative plural pronoun. The corresponding oblique forms for object position are ykkur (plural accusative/dative). The plural possessive is ykkar. For contrast, the singular forms are þú (nominative), þig (accusative), þér (dative), and þíns (genitive).

History and etymology: þið derives from Old Norse and is a direct descendant of the North Germanic second-person plural pronoun. It has remained the standard Icelandic form for addressing more than one person, distinct from the singular viven forms.

Phonology and orthography: The word is written with the thorn letter þ and the letter ð at the end; in modern Icelandic, þ is pronounced as a voiceless dental fricative (like the th in thin) and ð as a voiced dental fricative (like the th in this). The overall pronunciation is typically approximated as roughly “theeth.”

Usage notes: Icelandic does not encode a separate formal pronoun in everyday speech; þið is appropriate for addressing groups of people in most contexts. It appears in everyday conversation, media, and formal writing when referring to multiple interlocutors.

Example: Hvernig hefur þið það? (How are you all doing?).