þessum

þessum is a grammatical form in the Icelandic language. It is the dative plural masculine/neuter form of the demonstrative pronoun sá, sú, það. In practical usage, it translates to "these" or "those" when referring to masculine or neuter nouns in the dative case and in the plural. The dative case in Icelandic often marks the indirect object of a verb or preposition, or is used with certain prepositions that govern this case.

For instance, if one were to say "I give these books to him," the word for "these books" would likely involve þessum if "books" were a masculine or neuter noun in the dative plural. The demonstrative pronoun sá, sú, það is used to point out specific items or people. Its declension changes significantly based on gender, number, and case. þessum represents one specific point in this declension paradigm, indicating plurality and a particular grammatical function. Understanding these forms is crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences in Icelandic, particularly when dealing with objects of verbs or prepositions.