þarmatvefnum

Þarmatvefnum refers to the lining of the intestines. This specialized tissue plays a crucial role in digestion and nutrient absorption. It is a single layer of epithelial cells that forms a barrier between the contents of the intestinal lumen and the underlying tissues. The surface of these cells is highly folded, forming villi and microvilli, which dramatically increase the surface area available for absorption. Specialized cells within the þarmatvefnum, such as enterocytes, goblet cells, and Paneth cells, perform specific functions. Enterocytes are responsible for absorbing nutrients and water. Goblet cells produce mucus, which lubricates the intestinal lining and protects it from mechanical damage and pathogens. Paneth cells, located at the base of the intestinal glands, secrete antimicrobial peptides that help maintain the intestinal microbiome. The þarmatvefnum is also involved in immune surveillance, containing lymphocytes and other immune cells that help protect the body from ingested pathogens. Its integrity is vital for overall health, and disruptions to this lining can lead to various gastrointestinal disorders.