ühendusega

Ühendusega is the comitative (instrumental) form of the Estonian noun ühendus. Ühendus can mean a connection, link, or relationship, and in science it also denotes a chemical compound. The meaning of ühendusega depends on context: it can refer to a physical connection between objects, a social or organizational association, or, in technical writing, to a chemical substance or to actions involving such a substance.

Formation and function. The comitative suffix -ga is attached to the genitive stem of the noun. The genitive singular of ühendus is ühenduse, and adding -ga yields ühendusega. This form is used to express “with” or “together with” in relation to the thing named by ühendus, or to describe processes and interactions that involve that thing in formal or technical language. In everyday Estonian, this function is often realized more simply with synonyms such as koos or seoses, depending on the nuance.

Meanings in context. In general discourse, ühendus refers to a link or association between entities, and ühendusega can appear when emphasizing accompaniment or involvement, especially in phrases describing relations or interactions. In scientific and technical registers, ühendus frequently means chemical compound, and ühendusega is then used in phrases like “orgaanilise ühendusega” to indicate “with the organic compound” or “in relation to the compound,” as part of descriptions of reactions or properties.

Related terms. The base word ühendus connects to related forms such as ühendused (plural) and the verb ühendada (to join, to connect). The comitative form karde by context to other case forms in Estonian morphology, illustrating the language’s system of expressing accompaniment and association.