överdubs

Overdubs, or overdub recording, is a studio technique in which new sounds are recorded over a previously captured performance, creating multiple layers of audio. It is commonly used in music production and in film and television post-production. In music, overdubs are typically added after a base track has been laid down on a multi-track system, whether analog tape or a digital workstation. The result is a composite track with more texture, corrected parts, or expanded arrangements without re-recording the entire performance.

Overdubs may include vocals, guitar, keyboards, percussion, or sound effects, and can involve doubling, harmonies, or rhythmic layers. The standard workflow is to monitor the existing mix, lock to tempo with a click track, and record new performances on separate tracks. Punch-in/punch-out recording allows replacing small sections, while comping combines the best moments from multiple takes. In film and television, overdubbing also encompasses ADR (Automated Dialogue Replacement) and Foley work, used to improve or alter on-screen sound after filming.

Technology and practice: In digital environments, overdubbing is non-destructive; digital audio workstations provide auto-alignment, time-stretching, and pitch correction tools to ensure coherence among layers. Engineers balance levels, apply processing such as equalization and compression, and use reverb or delay to blend layers into a cohesive sound.

Considerations: Overdubs can create phase issues or muddiness if overused, and require careful arrangement to preserve clarity. The technique offers flexibility by enabling fixes after the initial recording and enabling creative textures, but it may also reduce spontaneity if overdone. Overdubbing is a standard technique across music production and related media.