ökoregions

Ökoregions, also known as ecological regions, are large areas of the Earth characterized by distinctive ecological or environmental conditions. They are defined by a combination of climate, topography, vegetation, soil types, and the distribution of flora and fauna. The concept of ökoregions helps scientists and conservationists understand and manage biodiversity on a broad scale.

These regions are often delineated based on biogeographical criteria rather than solely political boundaries. Major divisions can include terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments. Terrestrial ökoregions might be forests, grasslands, deserts, or tundra, each supporting unique ecosystems. Freshwater ökoregions focus on rivers, lakes, and wetlands, while marine ökoregions encompass oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries.

The identification and mapping of ökoregions are crucial for conservation planning. By understanding the ecological characteristics of an area, conservation efforts can be tailored to protect its specific biodiversity and ecological processes. This approach allows for the prioritization of conservation resources and the development of strategies that address the unique challenges and opportunities within each region. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is one organization that has extensively mapped and defined the world's ökoregions to guide its conservation work.