õun

Õun is the Estonian word for the fruit commonly known as the apple. The apple comes from the domesticated species Malus domestica, a member of the Rosaceae family. Apples are among the most widely cultivated fruits globally and are grown in temperate regions.

The fruit is typically round to slightly oblate, with a central core containing seeds. The flesh ranges from white to cream, often crisp and juicy, and flavors vary from sweet to tart. Fruit colors are diverse, including red, green, yellow, or a combination.

Origin and distribution: Domestic apples originated in Central Asia and were spread to Europe and other continents through trade and cultivation. In Estonia, apples are a common horticultural crop, grown in orchards and gardens; the harvest season is late summer through autumn depending on cultivar.

Nutrition and uses: A medium apple provides dietary fiber, vitamin C, and potassium with relatively low calories. Apples are eaten fresh or used in cooking and baking; they are pressed into juice or cider, and often stored for later use.

Cultivation and storage: There are thousands of cultivars with varying flavors, textures, and storage properties. Most cultivars require cross-pollination from another apple variety. Proper storage in a cool, humid environment can extend shelf life for weeks to months, with some varieties lasting longer in controlled conditions.