õigussubjektsus

Õigussubjektsus is a fundamental concept in law, referring to the capacity of an entity to have rights and obligations. In essence, it is the quality of being a subject of law, rather than an object. This means that an õigussubjekt can participate in legal relationships, such as entering into contracts, owning property, or being held liable for actions.

There are generally two main categories of õigussubjektid. The first is natural persons, which refers to individual human beings. From birth, individuals are recognized as having õigussubjektsus, although the scope of their rights and obligations may evolve with age and legal capacity. The second category is legal persons, which are entities created by law that are granted the status of õigussubjekt. These can include corporations, foundations, associations, and state institutions. Legal persons act through their designated representatives.

The possession of õigussubjektsus is a prerequisite for participating in legal processes and for being recognized as having agency within a legal system. Without it, an entity cannot sue, be sued, or enter into legally binding agreements. The determination of who or what possesses õigussubjektsus is a key aspect of legal jurisdiction and forms the basis for the application of laws.