õhumaandumine

Õhumaandumine refers to the act of landing an aircraft. This process involves decelerating the aircraft and bringing it safely to a halt on the ground. The procedure is critical for flight safety and requires precise control of the aircraft's speed, altitude, and attitude.

The stages of an õhumaandumine typically include a final approach, the flare, touchdown, and rollout. During the final approach, the pilot adjusts the aircraft's descent rate and trajectory to align with the runway. The flare is a maneuver executed just before touchdown where the pilot raises the aircraft's nose to reduce its descent rate for a gentler landing. Touchdown is the moment the wheels make contact with the runway. The rollout is the phase where the aircraft decelerates on the runway until it comes to a complete stop.

Various factors can influence an õhumaandumine, including weather conditions such as wind, visibility, and precipitation, as well as the aircraft's weight and configuration (e.g., flaps and landing gear deployment). Pilots undergo extensive training to master õhumaandumine techniques, which can vary depending on the type of aircraft and the runway conditions. Modern aircraft are equipped with sophisticated systems, such as auto-land capabilities, to assist pilots during this crucial phase of flight.