õhukõrguse

õhukõrgus refers to altitude, the vertical distance of an object or location above a reference point, typically sea level. In aviation, it is a crucial concept for air traffic control and navigation, ensuring safe separation between aircraft. Different types of altitude exist, including true altitude, indicated altitude, pressure altitude, and density altitude, each serving a specific purpose in flight operations.

True altitude is the actual height above mean sea level. Indicated altitude is what an aircraft's altimeter shows, which is based on atmospheric pressure. Pressure altitude is the altitude indicated when the altimeter is set to the standard atmospheric pressure of 1013.25 hPa. Density altitude takes into account temperature and humidity, affecting aircraft performance.

In meteorology, altitude plays a significant role in atmospheric conditions. Temperature generally decreases with increasing altitude, a phenomenon known as the lapse rate. This influences weather patterns, cloud formation, and precipitation. For example, higher altitudes are often associated with colder temperatures and potential for snow, even in warmer seasons at lower elevations.

In mountaineering and geography, altitude is used to describe the height of mountains, plateaus, and other landforms. High-altitude environments present unique challenges for human physiology due to lower oxygen levels and extreme weather conditions. Understanding and measuring altitude is fundamental in various scientific disciplines and practical applications.